PT Asuransi Maximus Graha Persada Tbk Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of PT Asuransi Maximus Graha Persada Tbk for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.5323 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 1.0093 | + | 0.892 * 1.4065 | + | 0.115 * 0.8228 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8828 | + | 4.679 * 0.019534 | - | 0.327 * 0.1862 |
| = | -2.19 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was Rp202,244 Mil.
Revenue was 95344.019 + 104525.166 + 91439.048 + 146382.422 = Rp437,691 Mil.
Gross Profit was 95344.019 + 104525.166 + 91439.048 + 146382.422 = Rp437,691 Mil.
Total Current Assets was Rp0 Mil.
Total Assets was Rp1,416,098 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was Rp20,454 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was Rp5,110 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was Rp60,640 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was Rp0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was Rp187 Mil.
Net Income was -3731.654 + -5013.339 + -12785.493 + 44373.086 = Rp22,843 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 1358.657 + 36.48 + 965.686 + -485.881 = Rp1,875 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 16929.625 + -11439.876 + -9519.315 + -2664.66 = Rp-6,694 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was Rp270,153 Mil.
Revenue was 81967.483 + 81653.711 + 87554.603 + 60021.636 = Rp311,197 Mil.
Gross Profit was 81967.483 + 81653.711 + 87554.603 + 60021.636 = Rp311,197 Mil.
Total Current Assets was Rp0 Mil.
Total Assets was Rp1,035,864 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was Rp24,360 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was Rp4,795 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was Rp48,840 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was Rp0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was Rp734 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (202244.495 / 437690.655) | / | (270152.86 / 311197.433) |
| = | 0.462072 | / | 0.868108 |
| | = | 0.5323 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (311197.433 / 311197.433) | / | (437690.655 / 437690.655) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 20453.584) / 1416098.468) | / | (1 - (0 + 24360.203) / 1035864.23) |
| = | 0.985556 | / | 0.976483 |
| | = | 1.0093 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 437690.655 | / | 311197.433 |
| | = | 1.4065 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (4794.738 / (4794.738 + 24360.203)) | / | (5109.557 / (5109.557 + 20453.584)) |
| = | 0.164457 | / | 0.19988 |
| | = | 0.8228 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (60640.385 / 437690.655) | / | (48839.509 / 311197.433) |
| = | 0.138546 | / | 0.156941 |
| | = | 0.8828 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((186.547 + 0) / 1416098.468) | / | ((734.314 + 0) / 1035864.23) |
| = | 0.000132 | / | 0.000709 |
| | = | 0.1862 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (22842.6 - 1874.942 | - | -6694.226) | / | 1416098.468 |
| | = | 0.019534 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
PT Asuransi Maximus Graha Persada Tbk has a M-score of -2.19 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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