Bank Bradesco Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Bank Bradesco for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.4348 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 1.0012 | + | 0.892 * 2.9392 | + | 0.115 * 1.1407 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0438 | + | 4.679 * -0.001337 | - | 0.327 * 0.9876 |
| = | -0.34 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ARS3,897,494 Mil.
Revenue was 4233446.102 + 1901508.301 + 1740106.825 + 1212285.259 = ARS9,087,346 Mil.
Gross Profit was 4233446.102 + 1901508.301 + 1740106.825 + 1212285.259 = ARS9,087,346 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ARS0 Mil.
Total Assets was ARS330,936,204 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ARS1,804,774 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ARS592,529 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ARS3,737,433 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ARS0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ARS61,916,008 Mil.
Net Income was 697195.566 + 105735.985 + 240917.912 + 198599.32 = ARS1,242,449 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = ARS0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 2991718.549 + -5968395.878 + 5638242.927 + -976519.884 = ARS1,685,046 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was ARS924,169 Mil.
Revenue was 979569.057 + 837544.551 + 641320.51 + 633305.642 = ARS3,091,740 Mil.
Gross Profit was 979569.057 + 837544.551 + 641320.51 + 633305.642 = ARS3,091,740 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ARS0 Mil.
Total Assets was ARS69,359,505 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ARS462,781 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ARS181,718 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ARS1,218,200 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ARS0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ARS13,139,238 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3897494.024 / 9087346.487) | / | (924169.074 / 3091739.76) |
| = | 0.428892 | / | 0.298916 |
| | = | 1.4348 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3091739.76 / 3091739.76) | / | (9087346.487 / 9087346.487) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 1804773.967) / 330936204.123) | / | (1 - (0 + 462781.306) / 69359504.946) |
| = | 0.994546 | / | 0.993328 |
| | = | 1.0012 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 9087346.487 | / | 3091739.76 |
| | = | 2.9392 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (181718.391 / (181718.391 + 462781.306)) | / | (592528.591 / (592528.591 + 1804773.967)) |
| = | 0.281953 | / | 0.247165 |
| | = | 1.1407 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (3737433.298 / 9087346.487) | / | (1218200.159 / 3091739.76) |
| = | 0.411279 | / | 0.394018 |
| | = | 1.0438 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((61916007.994 + 0) / 330936204.123) | / | ((13139237.683 + 0) / 69359504.946) |
| = | 0.187093 | / | 0.189437 |
| | = | 0.9876 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (1242448.783 - 0 | - | 1685045.714) | / | 330936204.123 |
| | = | -0.001337 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Bank Bradesco has a M-score of -0.34 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Quick Browse
Personalize
Premium Gurus 
Create New Portfolio
Portfolio Contest
BUE:BBD has been successfully added to your