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Where Food Comes From (Where Food Comes From) Beneish M-Score : -2.79 (As of May. 12, 2024)


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What is Where Food Comes From Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.79 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Where Food Comes From's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

WFCF' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -3.32   Med: -2.61   Max: -1.62
Current: -2.79

During the past 13 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Where Food Comes From was -1.62. The lowest was -3.32. And the median was -2.61.


Where Food Comes From Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Where Food Comes From's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Where Food Comes From Beneish M-Score Chart

Where Food Comes From Annual Data
Trend Dec14 Dec15 Dec16 Dec17 Dec18 Dec19 Dec20 Dec21 Dec22 Dec23
Beneish M-Score
Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -3.17 -2.83 -2.87 -2.64 -2.75

Where Food Comes From Quarterly Data
Jun19 Sep19 Dec19 Mar20 Jun20 Sep20 Dec20 Mar21 Jun21 Sep21 Dec21 Mar22 Jun22 Sep22 Dec22 Mar23 Jun23 Sep23 Dec23 Mar24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.65 -2.31 -2.74 -2.75 -2.79

Competitive Comparison of Where Food Comes From's Beneish M-Score

For the Software - Application subindustry, Where Food Comes From's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Where Food Comes From's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry

For the Software industry and Technology sector, Where Food Comes From's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Where Food Comes From's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Where Food Comes From Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Where Food Comes From for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.9458+0.528 * 1.0134+0.404 * 1.1112+0.892 * 1.0624+0.115 * 1.0643
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.9266+4.679 * -0.075424-0.327 * 1.1046
=-2.79

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Mar24) TTM:Last Year (Mar23) TTM:
Total Receivables was $2.08 Mil.
Revenue was 5.582 + 6.731 + 7.011 + 6.126 = $25.45 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2.329 + 3.007 + 2.866 + 2.506 = $10.71 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $5.45 Mil.
Total Assets was $15.39 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3.10 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.62 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $7.91 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3.36 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $2.46 Mil.
Net Income was 0.178 + 0.776 + 0.723 + 0.532 = $2.21 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0.005 + 0.188 + 0.064 + 0.064 = $0.32 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 0.7 + 0.209 + 1.318 + 0.822 = $3.05 Mil.
Total Receivables was $2.07 Mil.
Revenue was 5.267 + 6.093 + 7.265 + 5.331 = $23.96 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2.143 + 2.761 + 3.18 + 2.13 = $10.21 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $6.92 Mil.
Total Assets was $17.30 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $3.46 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $0.74 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $8.03 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3.21 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $2.71 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(2.075 / 25.45) / (2.065 / 23.956)
=0.081532 / 0.0862
=0.9458

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(10.214 / 23.956) / (10.708 / 25.45)
=0.426365 / 0.420747
=1.0134

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (5.451 + 3.101) / 15.393) / (1 - (6.923 + 3.459) / 17.302)
=0.444423 / 0.399954
=1.1112

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=25.45 / 23.956
=1.0624

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(0.742 / (0.742 + 3.459)) / (0.617 / (0.617 + 3.101))
=0.176625 / 0.165949
=1.0643

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(7.905 / 25.45) / (8.03 / 23.956)
=0.310609 / 0.335198
=0.9266

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((2.459 + 3.358) / 15.393) / ((2.714 + 3.205) / 17.302)
=0.377899 / 0.342099
=1.1046

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(2.209 - 0.321 - 3.049) / 15.393
=-0.075424

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Where Food Comes From has a M-score of -2.79 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Where Food Comes From Beneish M-Score Related Terms

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Where Food Comes From (Where Food Comes From) Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
N/A
Address
202 6th Street, Suite 400, Castle Rock, CO, USA, 80104
Where Food Comes From Inc is a third-party food verification company. It offers food production audits and uses verification processes to ensure that claims made by food producers and processors are accurate. The company supports farmers, ranchers, vineyards, wineries, processors, retailers, distributors, trade associations and restaurants with a wide variety of value-added services provided through its family of verifiers, including IMI Global, International Certification Services, Validus Verification Services, and others. The company operates in two segments that are verification and certification and Software Sales and Related Consulting.
Executives
Dannette Henning officer: CFO 221 WILCOX STREET, SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Pete Lapaseotes director 221 WILCOX ST., SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Graeme P. Rein director 221 WILCOX ST, SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Michael Duane Smith director, 10 percent owner 221 WILCOX ST, SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
John K Saunders director, officer: CEO 221 WILCOX STREET #A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Leann Saunders director, officer: President 221 WILCOX ST., SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Tom Heinen director 221 WILCOX ST., SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Gary Chester Smith director 221 WILCOX ST., SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Adam Larson director 221 WILCOX ST., SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104
Robert Vanschoick director 221 WILCOX ST., SUITE A, CASTLE ROCK CO 80104