KGHM Polska Miedz Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for KGHM Polska Miedz's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
KGHM Polska Miedz Beneish M-Score Chart
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KGHM Polska Miedz Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.96 |
-2.76 |
-1.80 |
-2.09 |
1.71 |
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KGHM Polska Miedz Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.09 |
-2.36 |
-2.90 |
-2.26 |
1.71 |
Competitive Comparison of KGHM Polska Miedz's Beneish M-Score
For the Copper subindustry, KGHM Polska Miedz's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
KGHM Polska Miedz's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Metals & Mining Industry
For the Metals & Mining industry and Basic Materials sector, KGHM Polska Miedz's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where KGHM Polska Miedz's Beneish M-Score falls into.
KGHM Polska Miedz Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of KGHM Polska Miedz for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8187 | + | 0.528 * 11.1342 | + | 0.404 * 1.0034 | + | 0.892 * 0.9888 | + | 0.115 * 0.9087 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.134 | + | 4.679 * -0.189732 | - | 0.327 * 1.1826 |
| = | 1.71 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was zł1,279 Mil.
Revenue was 7819 + 7891 + 8172 + 9585 = zł33,467 Mil.
Gross Profit was -1934 + 666 + 745 + 1083 = zł560 Mil.
Total Current Assets was zł13,402 Mil.
Total Assets was zł51,383 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was zł26,436 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was zł2,311 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was zł2,200 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was zł11,617 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was zł4,761 Mil.
Net Income was -4526 + 434 + 231 + 163 = zł-3,698 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = zł0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 2409 + 712 + 1450 + 1480 = zł6,051 Mil.
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Total Receivables was zł1,580 Mil.
Revenue was 8151 + 7770 + 8933 + 8993 = zł33,847 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1253 + 1159 + 1732 + 2162 = zł6,306 Mil.
Total Current Assets was zł13,065 Mil.
Total Assets was zł53,444 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was zł28,412 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was zł2,239 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was zł1,962 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was zł9,185 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was zł5,220 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1279 / 33467) | / | (1580 / 33847) |
| = | 0.038217 | / | 0.046681 |
| | = | 0.8187 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (6306 / 33847) | / | (560 / 33467) |
| = | 0.186309 | / | 0.016733 |
| | = | 11.1342 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (13402 + 26436) / 51383) | / | (1 - (13065 + 28412) / 53444) |
| = | 0.224685 | / | 0.223917 |
| | = | 1.0034 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 33467 | / | 33847 |
| | = | 0.9888 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (2239 / (2239 + 28412)) | / | (2311 / (2311 + 26436)) |
| = | 0.073048 | / | 0.080391 |
| | = | 0.9087 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (2200 / 33467) | / | (1962 / 33847) |
| = | 0.065736 | / | 0.057967 |
| | = | 1.134 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((4761 + 11617) / 51383) | / | ((5220 + 9185) / 53444) |
| = | 0.318744 | / | 0.269534 |
| | = | 1.1826 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-3698 - 0 | - | 6051) | / | 51383 |
| | = | -0.189732 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
KGHM Polska Miedz has a M-score of 1.71 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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