SunTrust Banks Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of SunTrust Banks for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.048 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9845 | + | 0.892 * 1.0663 | + | 0.115 * 2.666 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9292 | + | 4.679 * 0.003809 | - | 0.327 * 1.3217 |
| = | -2.27 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Sep19) TTM: | Last Year (Sep18) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $1,931.00 Mil.
Revenue was 2353 + 2560 + 2328 + 2365 = $9,606.00 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2353 + 2560 + 2328 + 2365 = $9,606.00 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $227,368.00 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $5,178.00 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $699.00 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $4,604.00 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $20,908.00 Mil.
Net Income was 623 + 688 + 580 + 658 = $2,549.00 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0.00 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 825 + 4 + -823 + 1677 = $1,683.00 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was $1,728.00 Mil.
Revenue was 2294 + 2317 + 2237 + 2161 = $9,009.00 Mil.
Gross Profit was 2294 + 2317 + 2237 + 2161 = $9,009.00 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $0.00 Mil.
Total Assets was $211,276.00 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $1,555.00 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $722.00 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $4,647.00 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $0.00 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $14,700.00 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1931 / 9606) | / | (1728 / 9009) |
| = | 0.20102 | / | 0.191808 |
| | = | 1.048 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (9009 / 9009) | / | (9606 / 9606) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 5178) / 227368) | / | (1 - (0 + 1555) / 211276) |
| = | 0.977226 | / | 0.99264 |
| | = | 0.9845 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 9606 | / | 9009 |
| | = | 1.0663 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (722 / (722 + 1555)) | / | (699 / (699 + 5178)) |
| = | 0.317084 | / | 0.118938 |
| | = | 2.666 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (4604 / 9606) | / | (4647 / 9009) |
| = | 0.479284 | / | 0.515818 |
| | = | 0.9292 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((20908 + 0) / 227368) | / | ((14700 + 0) / 211276) |
| = | 0.091957 | / | 0.069577 |
| | = | 1.3217 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2549 - 0 | - | 1683) | / | 227368 |
| | = | 0.003809 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
SunTrust Banks has a M-score of -2.27 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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