Raubex Group Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Raubex Group's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Raubex Group Beneish M-Score Chart
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Raubex Group Annual Data
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Feb24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.75 |
-3.06 |
-2.15 |
-3.23 |
-2.49 |
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Raubex Group Semi-Annual Data
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Feb24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.15 |
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-3.23 |
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-2.49 |
Competitive Comparison of Raubex Group's Beneish M-Score
For the Engineering & Construction subindustry, Raubex Group's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Raubex Group's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Construction Industry
For the Construction industry and Industrials sector, Raubex Group's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Raubex Group's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Raubex Group Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Raubex Group for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.1696 | + | 0.528 * 0.968 | + | 0.404 * 0.8583 | + | 0.892 * 1.1383 | + | 0.115 * 1.069 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9709 | + | 4.679 * -0.048031 | - | 0.327 * 1.0089 |
| = | -2.49 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Feb24) TTM: | Last Year (Feb23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was R3,134 Mil.
Revenue was R17,425 Mil.
Gross Profit was R2,481 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R6,301 Mil.
Total Assets was R13,195 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R5,229 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R750 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R943 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R4,521 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R1,385 Mil.
Net Income was R848 Mil.
Gross Profit was R0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was R1,481 Mil.
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Total Receivables was R2,354 Mil.
Revenue was R15,307 Mil.
Gross Profit was R2,110 Mil.
Total Current Assets was R5,506 Mil.
Total Assets was R11,343 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was R4,169 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was R646 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was R853 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was R3,998 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was R1,033 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3134.295 / 17425.168) | / | (2354.163 / 15307.479) |
| = | 0.179872 | / | 0.153792 |
| | = | 1.1696 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2109.722 / 15307.479) | / | (2480.919 / 17425.168) |
| = | 0.137823 | / | 0.142376 |
| | = | 0.968 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (6301.087 + 5229.134) / 13195.006) | / | (1 - (5506.234 + 4169.136) / 11342.788) |
| = | 0.126168 | / | 0.147002 |
| | = | 0.8583 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 17425.168 | / | 15307.479 |
| | = | 1.1383 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (645.894 / (645.894 + 4169.136)) | / | (750.282 / (750.282 + 5229.134)) |
| = | 0.134141 | / | 0.125477 |
| | = | 1.069 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (942.701 / 17425.168) | / | (852.929 / 15307.479) |
| = | 0.0541 | / | 0.05572 |
| | = | 0.9709 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1384.616 + 4520.502) / 13195.006) | / | ((1033.242 + 3998.317) / 11342.788) |
| = | 0.447527 | / | 0.443591 |
| | = | 1.0089 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (847.621 - 0 | - | 1481.394) | / | 13195.006 |
| | = | -0.048031 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Raubex Group has a M-score of -2.49 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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