GCL Technology Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for GCL Technology Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
GCL Technology Holdings Beneish M-Score Chart
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GCL Technology Holdings Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
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Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.26 |
-2.75 |
-2.04 |
-1.48 |
-2.27 |
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GCL Technology Holdings Semi-Annual Data
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Jun14 |
Dec14 |
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Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.04 |
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-1.48 |
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-2.27 |
Competitive Comparison of GCL Technology Holdings's Beneish M-Score
For the Solar subindustry, GCL Technology Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
GCL Technology Holdings's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Semiconductors Industry
For the Semiconductors industry and Technology sector, GCL Technology Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where GCL Technology Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
GCL Technology Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of GCL Technology Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9075 | + | 0.528 * 1.4035 | + | 0.404 * 0.6287 | + | 0.892 * 0.9187 | + | 0.115 * 0.8146 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.4558 | + | 4.679 * 0.076814 | - | 0.327 * 0.8711 |
| = | -2.27 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$22,726 Mil.
Revenue was HK$36,861 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$12,789 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$37,945 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$90,530 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$41,077 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$3,663 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$2,762 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$24,215 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$10,967 Mil.
Net Income was HK$2,745 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$-4,209 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$27,259 Mil.
Revenue was HK$40,124 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$19,538 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$41,956 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$95,551 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$34,276 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$2,449 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$2,065 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$38,324 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$4,302 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (22725.697 / 36860.872) | / | (27259.17 / 40124.101) |
| = | 0.616526 | / | 0.679371 |
| | = | 0.9075 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (19537.504 / 40124.101) | / | (12788.652 / 36860.872) |
| = | 0.486927 | / | 0.346944 |
| | = | 1.4035 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (37944.59 + 41077.242) / 90530.079) | / | (1 - (41955.973 + 34275.746) / 95551.101) |
| = | 0.127121 | / | 0.202189 |
| | = | 0.6287 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 36860.872 | / | 40124.101 |
| | = | 0.9187 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (2449.225 / (2449.225 + 34275.746)) | / | (3662.744 / (3662.744 + 41077.242)) |
| = | 0.066691 | / | 0.081867 |
| | = | 0.8146 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (2761.729 / 36860.872) | / | (2065.028 / 40124.101) |
| = | 0.074923 | / | 0.051466 |
| | = | 1.4558 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((10967.263 + 24215.09) / 90530.079) | / | ((4302.339 + 38323.941) / 95551.101) |
| = | 0.388626 | / | 0.44611 |
| | = | 0.8711 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2745.468 - 0 | - | -4208.553) | / | 90530.079 |
| | = | 0.076814 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
GCL Technology Holdings has a M-score of -2.27 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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