JiangXi Bank Co Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of JiangXi Bank Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9882 | + | 0.892 * 0.9843 | + | 0.115 * 0.9749 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9671 | + | 4.679 * 0.006896 | - | 0.327 * 0.8931 |
| = | -2.43 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$0 Mil.
Revenue was HK$12,856 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$12,856 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$57,219 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$604,144 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$3,719 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$504 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$935 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$9,234 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$51,896 Mil.
Net Income was HK$1,133 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$-3,033 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was HK$0 Mil.
Revenue was HK$13,061 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$13,061 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$47,867 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$575,748 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$4,002 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$527 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$983 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,186 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$64,041 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 12856.09) | / | (0 / 13060.831) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (13060.831 / 13060.831) | / | (12856.09 / 12856.09) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (57219.006 + 3719.122) / 604143.696) | / | (1 - (47866.972 + 4001.518) / 575747.568) |
| = | 0.899133 | / | 0.909911 |
| | = | 0.9882 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 12856.09 | / | 13060.831 |
| | = | 0.9843 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (526.881 / (526.881 + 4001.518)) | / | (504.006 / (504.006 + 3719.122)) |
| = | 0.11635 | / | 0.119344 |
| | = | 0.9749 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (935.335 / 12856.09) | / | (982.539 / 13060.831) |
| = | 0.072754 | / | 0.075228 |
| | = | 0.9671 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((51895.954 + 9233.767) / 604143.696) | / | ((64041.234 + 1185.893) / 575747.568) |
| = | 0.101184 | / | 0.113291 |
| | = | 0.8931 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (1133.359 - 0 | - | -3032.891) | / | 604143.696 |
| | = | 0.006896 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
JiangXi Bank Co has a M-score of -2.43 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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