Joy City Property Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Joy City Property's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Joy City Property Beneish M-Score Chart
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Joy City Property Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.56 |
-2.33 |
-2.31 |
-2.32 |
-2.53 |
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Joy City Property Semi-Annual Data
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Jun14 |
Dec14 |
Jun15 |
Dec15 |
Jun16 |
Dec16 |
Jun17 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.31 |
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-2.32 |
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-2.53 |
Competitive Comparison of Joy City Property's Beneish M-Score
For the Real Estate - Diversified subindustry, Joy City Property's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Joy City Property's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Real Estate Industry
For the Real Estate industry and Real Estate sector, Joy City Property's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Joy City Property's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Joy City Property Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Joy City Property for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.9163 | + | 0.528 * 0.7235 | + | 0.404 * 0.8887 | + | 0.892 * 0.624 | + | 0.115 * 0.9898 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.6216 | + | 4.679 * -0.050733 | - | 0.327 * 1.0637 |
| = | -2.53 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$4,146 Mil.
Revenue was HK$14,517 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$6,171 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$78,708 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$157,088 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$4,767 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$296 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$1,940 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$48,257 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$38,049 Mil.
Net Income was HK$694 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$8,663 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$3,467 Mil.
Revenue was HK$23,263 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$7,154 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$68,749 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$156,344 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$5,159 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$316 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$1,917 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$38,483 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$42,268 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (4146.015 / 14516.736) | / | (3466.975 / 23262.683) |
| = | 0.285602 | / | 0.149036 |
| | = | 1.9163 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (7154.074 / 23262.683) | / | (6170.544 / 14516.736) |
| = | 0.307534 | / | 0.425064 |
| | = | 0.7235 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (78708.315 + 4767.096) / 157087.515) | / | (1 - (68749.252 + 5159.018) / 156343.96) |
| = | 0.468606 | / | 0.527271 |
| | = | 0.8887 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 14516.736 | / | 23262.683 |
| | = | 0.624 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (316.347 / (316.347 + 5159.018)) | / | (295.523 / (295.523 + 4767.096)) |
| = | 0.057776 | / | 0.058374 |
| | = | 0.9898 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1939.611 / 14516.736) | / | (1916.715 / 23262.683) |
| = | 0.133612 | / | 0.082394 |
| | = | 1.6216 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((38048.668 + 48256.703) / 157087.515) | / | ((42268.067 + 38483.02) / 156343.96) |
| = | 0.549409 | / | 0.516496 |
| | = | 1.0637 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (693.842 - 0 | - | 8663.345) | / | 157087.515 |
| | = | -0.050733 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Joy City Property has a M-score of -2.53 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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