Braze Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Braze's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Braze Beneish M-Score Chart
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Braze Annual Data
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Trend |
Jan20 |
Jan21 |
Jan22 |
Jan23 |
Jan24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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- |
- |
- |
-2.83 |
-2.99 |
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Braze Quarterly Data
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Jan20 |
Jul20 |
Oct20 |
Jan21 |
Apr21 |
Jul21 |
Oct21 |
Jan22 |
Apr22 |
Jul22 |
Oct22 |
Jan23 |
Apr23 |
Jul23 |
Oct23 |
Jan24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.83 |
-2.91 |
-2.82 |
-3.06 |
-2.99 |
Competitive Comparison of Braze's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Application subindustry, Braze's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Braze's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Braze's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Braze's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Braze Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Braze for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9004 | + | 0.528 * 0.9808 | + | 0.404 * 1.5526 | + | 0.892 * 1.3274 | + | 0.115 * 1.0941 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9055 | + | 4.679 * -0.187728 | - | 0.327 * 1.2293 |
| = | -2.99 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (97.288 / 471.8) | / | (81.396 / 355.426) |
| = | 0.206206 | / | 0.22901 |
| | = | 0.9004 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (239.608 / 355.426) | / | (324.273 / 471.8) |
| = | 0.674143 | / | 0.68731 |
| | = | 0.9808 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (601.121 + 110.521) / 810.941) | / | (1 - (583.171 + 66.6) / 705.406) |
| = | 0.122449 | / | 0.078869 |
| | = | 1.5526 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 471.8 | / | 355.426 |
| | = | 1.3274 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (4.618 / (4.618 + 66.6)) | / | (6.963 / (6.963 + 110.521)) |
| = | 0.064843 | / | 0.059268 |
| | = | 1.0941 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (349.102 / 471.8) | / | (290.455 / 355.426) |
| = | 0.739936 | / | 0.817202 |
| | = | 0.9055 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((75.027 + 289.439) / 810.941) | / | ((40.59 + 217.303) / 705.406) |
| = | 0.449436 | / | 0.365595 |
| | = | 1.2293 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-129.166 - 16.22 | - | 6.85) | / | 810.941 |
| | = | -0.187728 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Braze has a M-score of -2.99 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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