Nordex SE Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Nordex SE's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Nordex SE Beneish M-Score Chart
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Nordex SE Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.32 |
-1.10 |
-2.81 |
-2.02 |
-3.08 |
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Nordex SE Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.02 |
-2.22 |
-2.23 |
-2.61 |
-3.08 |
Competitive Comparison of Nordex SE's Beneish M-Score
For the Specialty Industrial Machinery subindustry, Nordex SE's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Nordex SE's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Products Industry
For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, Nordex SE's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Nordex SE's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Nordex SE Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Nordex SE for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9641 | + | 0.528 * 0.5625 | + | 0.404 * 0.9665 | + | 0.892 * 1.1397 | + | 0.115 * 0.8893 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.2392 | + | 4.679 * -0.085582 | - | 0.327 * 0.9789 |
| = | -3.08 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €1,015 Mil.
Revenue was 2012.239 + 1723.647 + 1536.077 + 1217.105 = €6,489 Mil.
Gross Profit was 374.983 + 316.425 + 185.532 + 107.906 = €985 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €3,553 Mil.
Total Assets was €5,422 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €554 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €188 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €83 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €3,673 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €398 Mil.
Net Income was 30.858 + -34.809 + -84.065 + -214.815 = €-303 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = €0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 350.073 + 29.339 + -142.59 + -75.623 = €161 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €924 Mil.
Revenue was 1820.125 + 1747.225 + 1193.257 + 932.954 = €5,694 Mil.
Gross Profit was 46.891 + 193.255 + 125.298 + 120.605 = €486 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €2,961 Mil.
Total Assets was €4,757 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €602 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €175 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €59 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €3,427 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €222 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1014.955 / 6489.068) | / | (923.724 / 5693.561) |
| = | 0.15641 | / | 0.16224 |
| | = | 0.9641 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (486.049 / 5693.561) | / | (984.846 / 6489.068) |
| = | 0.085368 | / | 0.15177 |
| | = | 0.5625 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (3552.756 + 554.426) / 5422.031) | / | (1 - (2961.247 + 601.951) / 4756.659) |
| = | 0.242501 | / | 0.250903 |
| | = | 0.9665 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 6489.068 | / | 5693.561 |
| | = | 1.1397 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (175.41 / (175.41 + 601.951)) | / | (188.499 / (188.499 + 554.426)) |
| = | 0.225648 | / | 0.253725 |
| | = | 0.8893 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (82.914 / 6489.068) | / | (58.706 / 5693.561) |
| = | 0.012777 | / | 0.010311 |
| | = | 1.2392 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((397.501 + 3673.165) / 5422.031) | / | ((221.56 + 3426.639) / 4756.659) |
| = | 0.750764 | / | 0.766967 |
| | = | 0.9789 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-302.831 - 0 | - | 161.199) | / | 5422.031 |
| | = | -0.085582 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Nordex SE has a M-score of -3.08 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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