Sodexo Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Sodexo's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Sodexo Beneish M-Score Chart
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Sodexo Annual Data
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Trend |
Aug14 |
Aug15 |
Aug16 |
Aug17 |
Aug18 |
Aug19 |
Aug20 |
Aug21 |
Aug22 |
Aug23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.49 |
-2.85 |
-2.68 |
-2.20 |
-2.89 |
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Sodexo Semi-Annual Data
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Aug14 |
Feb15 |
Aug15 |
Feb16 |
Aug16 |
Feb17 |
Aug17 |
Feb18 |
Aug18 |
Feb19 |
Aug19 |
Feb20 |
Aug20 |
Feb21 |
Aug21 |
Feb22 |
Aug22 |
Feb23 |
Aug23 |
Feb24 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.20 |
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-2.89 |
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Competitive Comparison of Sodexo's Beneish M-Score
For the Specialty Business Services subindustry, Sodexo's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Sodexo's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Business Services Industry
For the Business Services industry and Industrials sector, Sodexo's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Sodexo's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Sodexo Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Sodexo for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.6263 | + | 0.528 * 1.0087 | + | 0.404 * 0.8697 | + | 0.892 * 1.1172 | + | 0.115 * 0.9405 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9522 | + | 4.679 * -0.027989 | - | 0.327 * 0.993 |
| = | -2.89 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Aug23) TTM: | Last Year (Aug22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €3,408 Mil.
Revenue was €22,637 Mil.
Gross Profit was €2,720 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €11,388 Mil.
Total Assets was €20,794 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €1,297 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €458 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €1,753 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €9,800 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €5,702 Mil.
Net Income was €794 Mil.
Gross Profit was €0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was €1,376 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €4,871 Mil.
Revenue was €20,263 Mil.
Gross Profit was €2,456 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €10,135 Mil.
Total Assets was €20,920 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €1,405 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €457 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €1,648 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €9,272 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €6,434 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (3408 / 22637) | / | (4871 / 20263) |
| = | 0.15055 | / | 0.240389 |
| | = | 0.6263 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2456 / 20263) | / | (2720 / 22637) |
| = | 0.121206 | / | 0.120157 |
| | = | 1.0087 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (11388 + 1297) / 20794) | / | (1 - (10135 + 1405) / 20920) |
| = | 0.389968 | / | 0.448375 |
| | = | 0.8697 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 22637 | / | 20263 |
| | = | 1.1172 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (457 / (457 + 1405)) | / | (458 / (458 + 1297)) |
| = | 0.245435 | / | 0.260969 |
| | = | 0.9405 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1753 / 22637) | / | (1648 / 20263) |
| = | 0.07744 | / | 0.081331 |
| | = | 0.9522 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((5702 + 9800) / 20794) | / | ((6434 + 9272) / 20920) |
| = | 0.745504 | / | 0.750765 |
| | = | 0.993 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (794 - 0 | - | 1376) | / | 20794 |
| | = | -0.027989 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Sodexo has a M-score of -2.89 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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