Warner Music Group Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Warner Music Group's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Warner Music Group Beneish M-Score Chart
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Warner Music Group Annual Data
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Trend |
Sep14 |
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Sep19 |
Sep20 |
Sep21 |
Sep22 |
Sep23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.04 |
-3.14 |
-2.54 |
-2.53 |
-2.47 |
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Warner Music Group Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
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Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
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Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.67 |
-2.61 |
-2.55 |
-2.47 |
-2.44 |
Competitive Comparison of Warner Music Group's Beneish M-Score
For the Entertainment subindustry, Warner Music Group's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Warner Music Group's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Media - Diversified Industry
For the Media - Diversified industry and Communication Services sector, Warner Music Group's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Warner Music Group's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Warner Music Group Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Warner Music Group for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.095 | + | 0.528 * 1.0033 | + | 0.404 * 0.997 | + | 0.892 * 1.087 | + | 0.115 * 1.0867 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.949 | + | 4.679 * -0.032588 | - | 0.327 * 0.9615 |
| = | -2.44 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $1,195 Mil.
Revenue was 1748 + 1586 + 1564 + 1399 = $6,297 Mil.
Gross Profit was 868 + 741 + 714 + 678 = $3,001 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,616 Mil.
Total Assets was $8,991 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $708 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $329 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1,862 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3,745 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $4,253 Mil.
Net Income was 159 + 152 + 122 + 34 = $467 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -33 + 37 + 16 + -31 = $-11 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 293 + 338 + 146 + -6 = $771 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $1,004 Mil.
Revenue was 1488 + 1497 + 1432 + 1376 = $5,793 Mil.
Gross Profit was 727 + 698 + 666 + 679 = $2,770 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,340 Mil.
Total Assets was $8,129 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $650 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $342 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $1,805 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3,341 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $4,180 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1195 / 6297) | / | (1004 / 5793) |
| = | 0.189773 | / | 0.173313 |
| | = | 1.095 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2770 / 5793) | / | (3001 / 6297) |
| = | 0.478163 | / | 0.476576 |
| | = | 1.0033 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2616 + 708) / 8991) | / | (1 - (2340 + 650) / 8129) |
| = | 0.630297 | / | 0.632181 |
| | = | 0.997 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 6297 | / | 5793 |
| | = | 1.087 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (342 / (342 + 650)) | / | (329 / (329 + 708)) |
| = | 0.344758 | / | 0.317261 |
| | = | 1.0867 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (1862 / 6297) | / | (1805 / 5793) |
| = | 0.295696 | / | 0.311583 |
| | = | 0.949 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((4253 + 3745) / 8991) | / | ((4180 + 3341) / 8129) |
| = | 0.889556 | / | 0.925206 |
| | = | 0.9615 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (467 - -11 | - | 771) | / | 8991 |
| | = | -0.032588 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Warner Music Group has a M-score of -2.44 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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