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Braze (STU:K43) Beneish M-Score : -2.99 (As of Apr. 27, 2024)


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What is Braze Beneish M-Score?

The zones of discrimination for M-Score is as such:

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Good Sign:

Beneish M-Score -2.99 no higher than -1.78, which implies that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.

The historical rank and industry rank for Braze's Beneish M-Score or its related term are showing as below:

STU:K43' s Beneish M-Score Range Over the Past 10 Years
Min: -2.99   Med: -2.91   Max: -2.83
Current: -2.99

During the past 5 years, the highest Beneish M-Score of Braze was -2.83. The lowest was -2.99. And the median was -2.91.


Braze Beneish M-Score Historical Data

The historical data trend for Braze's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

* Premium members only.

Braze Beneish M-Score Chart

Braze Annual Data
Trend Jan20 Jan21 Jan22 Jan23 Jan24
Beneish M-Score
- - - -2.83 -2.99

Braze Quarterly Data
Jan20 Jul20 Oct20 Jan21 Apr21 Jul21 Oct21 Jan22 Apr22 Jul22 Oct22 Jan23 Apr23 Jul23 Oct23 Jan24
Beneish M-Score Get a 7-Day Free Trial Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only Premium Member Only -2.83 -2.91 -2.82 -3.06 -2.99

Competitive Comparison of Braze's Beneish M-Score

For the Software - Application subindustry, Braze's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:

* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.


Braze's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry

For the Software industry and Technology sector, Braze's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:

* The bar in red indicates where Braze's Beneish M-Score falls into.



Braze Beneish M-Score Calculation

The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.

The M-Score Variables:

The M-score of Braze for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:

M=-4.84+0.92 * DSRI+0.528 * GMI+0.404 * AQI+0.892 * SGI+0.115 * DEPI
=-4.84+0.92 * 0.9321+0.528 * 0.9812+0.404 * 1.5526+0.892 * 1.2685+0.115 * 1.121
-0.172 * SGAI+4.679 * TATA-0.327 * LVGI
-0.172 * 0.9057+4.679 * -0.188166-0.327 * 1.2293
=-3.01

* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.

This Year (Jan24) TTM:Last Year (Jan23) TTM:
Total Receivables was €89.3 Mil.
Revenue was 120.219 + 117.386 + 104.057 + 92.823 = €434.5 Mil.
Gross Profit was 80.752 + 82.94 + 71.988 + 63.013 = €298.7 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €551.8 Mil.
Total Assets was €744.4 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €101.5 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €6.4 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €321.5 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €265.7 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €68.9 Mil.
Net Income was -25.958 + -29.112 + -28.651 + -35.07 = €-118.8 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 3.997 + 4.301 + 3.494 + 3.155 = €14.9 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 3.508 + -1.897 + -15.835 + 20.565 = €6.3 Mil.
Total Receivables was €75.5 Mil.
Revenue was 91.57 + 94.522 + 84.667 + 71.76 = €342.5 Mil.
Gross Profit was 60.552 + 64.95 + 57.78 + 47.771 = €231.1 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €541.2 Mil.
Total Assets was €654.6 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €61.8 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €4.4 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €279.8 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €201.7 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €37.7 Mil.




1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index

Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.

A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.

DSRI=(Receivables_t / Revenue_t) / (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1)
=(89.31 / 434.485) / (75.535 / 342.519)
=0.205554 / 0.220528
=0.9321

2. GMI = Gross Margin Index

Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.

Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.

GMI=GrossMargin_t-1 / GrossMargin_t
=(GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) / (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t)
=(231.053 / 342.519) / (298.693 / 434.485)
=0.67457 / 0.687464
=0.9812

3. AQI = Asset Quality Index

AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.

Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.

AQI=(1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) / (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=(1 - (551.829 + 101.458) / 744.444) / (1 - (541.183 + 61.805) / 654.617)
=0.12245 / 0.078869
=1.5526

4. SGI = Sales Growth Index

Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.

Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.

SGI=Sales_t / Sales_t-1
=Revenue_t / Revenue_t-1
=434.485 / 342.519
=1.2685

5. DEPI = Depreciation Index

Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.

DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.

DEPI=(Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) / (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t))
=(4.424 / (4.424 + 61.805)) / (6.429 / (6.429 + 101.458))
=0.066799 / 0.05959
=1.121

Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.

6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index

The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.

SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.

SGAI=(SGA_t / Sales_t) / (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1)
=(321.477 / 434.485) / (279.832 / 342.519)
=0.739904 / 0.816982
=0.9057

7. LVGI = Leverage Index

The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.

An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage

LVGI=((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) / ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1)
=((68.875 + 265.705) / 744.444) / ((37.668 + 201.657) / 654.617)
=0.449436 / 0.365595
=1.2293

8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets

Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.

TATA=(IncomefromContinuingOperations_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t - CashFlowsfromOperations_t) / TotalAssets_t
=(-118.791 - 14.947 - 6.341) / 744.444
=-0.188166

An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.

Braze has a M-score of -3.01 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.


Braze (STU:K43) Business Description

Traded in Other Exchanges
Address
330 West 34th Street, Floor 18, New York, NY, USA, 10001
Braze Inc is a customer engagement platform that powers customer-centric interactions between consumers and brands. The company provides solutions for Retail & E-commerce, Media & Entertainment, Financial Services, and Travel & Hospitality related industries.

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