PagSeguro Digital Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for PagSeguro Digital's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
PagSeguro Digital Beneish M-Score Chart
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PagSeguro Digital Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.58 |
-2.18 |
-2.17 |
-2.18 |
-2.05 |
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PagSeguro Digital Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.18 |
-2.40 |
-2.42 |
-2.24 |
-2.05 |
Competitive Comparison of PagSeguro Digital's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Infrastructure subindustry, PagSeguro Digital's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
PagSeguro Digital's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, PagSeguro Digital's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where PagSeguro Digital's Beneish M-Score falls into.
PagSeguro Digital Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of PagSeguro Digital for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.1803 | + | 0.528 * 1.6257 | + | 0.404 * 1.0529 | + | 0.892 * 1.0465 | + | 0.115 * 0.897 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8153 | + | 4.679 * -0.035904 | - | 0.327 * 0.9523 |
| = | -2.05 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $8,671 Mil.
Revenue was 498.169 + 459.491 + 446.259 + 412.974 = $1,817 Mil.
Gross Profit was 40.211 + 47.782 + 49.434 + 42.568 = $180 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $9,945 Mil.
Total Assets was $11,247 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $500 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $273 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $436 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $7,027 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $0 Mil.
Net Income was 99.6 + 83.165 + 79.341 + 71.006 = $333 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -23.289 + -15.442 + -19.391 + -15.774 = $-74 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 441.877 + 196.881 + 95.493 + 76.568 = $811 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $7,020 Mil.
Revenue was 439.253 + 437.119 + 446.874 + 412.865 = $1,736 Mil.
Gross Profit was 63.866 + 81.989 + 70.406 + 63.34 = $280 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $7,581 Mil.
Total Assets was $8,642 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $475 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $220 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $510 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $5,670 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $0 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (8671.303 / 1816.893) | / | (7019.751 / 1736.111) |
| = | 4.7726 | / | 4.043377 |
| | = | 1.1803 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (279.601 / 1736.111) | / | (179.995 / 1816.893) |
| = | 0.16105 | / | 0.099067 |
| | = | 1.6257 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (9945.065 + 500.227) / 11247.009) | / | (1 - (7581.324 + 475.369) / 8641.728) |
| = | 0.071283 | / | 0.067699 |
| | = | 1.0529 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1816.893 | / | 1736.111 |
| | = | 1.0465 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (220.24 / (220.24 + 475.369)) | / | (272.909 / (272.909 + 500.227)) |
| = | 0.316615 | / | 0.35299 |
| | = | 0.897 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (435.502 / 1816.893) | / | (510.438 / 1736.111) |
| = | 0.239696 | / | 0.294012 |
| | = | 0.8153 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((0 + 7027.209) / 11247.009) | / | ((0 + 5669.797) / 8641.728) |
| = | 0.624807 | / | 0.656095 |
| | = | 0.9523 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (333.112 - -73.896 | - | 810.819) | / | 11247.009 |
| | = | -0.035904 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
PagSeguro Digital has a M-score of -2.05 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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