Centene Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Centene's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Centene Beneish M-Score Chart
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Centene Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.28 |
-2.20 |
-2.19 |
-2.72 |
-2.75 |
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Centene Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.72 |
-3.01 |
-2.92 |
-2.71 |
-2.75 |
Competitive Comparison of Centene's Beneish M-Score
For the Healthcare Plans subindustry, Centene's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Centene's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Healthcare Plans Industry
For the Healthcare Plans industry and Healthcare sector, Centene's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Centene's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Centene Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Centene for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0985 | + | 0.528 * 1.0248 | + | 0.404 * 0.902 | + | 0.892 * 1.0654 | + | 0.115 * 0.6392 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0175 | + | 4.679 * -0.073428 | - | 0.327 * 1.014 |
| = | -2.75 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $15,532 Mil.
Revenue was 39460 + 38042 + 37608 + 38889 = $153,999 Mil.
Gross Profit was 3660 + 4551 + 4530 + 4574 = $17,315 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $40,756 Mil.
Total Assets was $84,641 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $2,415 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1,293 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $12,563 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $36,716 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $18,590 Mil.
Net Income was 45 + 469 + 1058 + 1130 = $2,702 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 350 + -226 + 407 + 333 = $864 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 217 + 1021 + 2546 + 4269 = $8,053 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $13,272 Mil.
Revenue was 35561 + 35865 + 35936 + 37185 = $144,547 Mil.
Gross Profit was 3847 + 3972 + 4484 + 4353 = $16,656 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $30,128 Mil.
Total Assets was $76,870 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $4,986 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $1,430 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $11,589 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $28,464 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $21,071 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (15532 / 153999) | / | (13272 / 144547) |
| = | 0.100858 | / | 0.091818 |
| | = | 1.0985 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (16656 / 144547) | / | (17315 / 153999) |
| = | 0.115229 | / | 0.112436 |
| | = | 1.0248 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (40756 + 2415) / 84641) | / | (1 - (30128 + 4986) / 76870) |
| = | 0.489952 | / | 0.543203 |
| | = | 0.902 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 153999 | / | 144547 |
| | = | 1.0654 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (1430 / (1430 + 4986)) | / | (1293 / (1293 + 2415)) |
| = | 0.22288 | / | 0.348706 |
| | = | 0.6392 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (12563 / 153999) | / | (11589 / 144547) |
| = | 0.081578 | / | 0.080175 |
| | = | 1.0175 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((18590 + 36716) / 84641) | / | ((21071 + 28464) / 76870) |
| = | 0.653419 | / | 0.6444 |
| | = | 1.014 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (2702 - 864 | - | 8053) | / | 84641 |
| | = | -0.073428 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Centene has a M-score of -2.75 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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