argenx SE Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for argenx SE's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
argenx SE Beneish M-Score Chart
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argenx SE Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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1.28 |
-3.71 |
8.34 |
4.71 |
-1.02 |
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argenx SE Quarterly Data
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Sep18 |
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Mar19 |
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Mar21 |
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Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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4.71 |
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-1.02 |
Competitive Comparison of argenx SE's Beneish M-Score
For the Biotechnology subindustry, argenx SE's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
argenx SE's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Biotechnology Industry
For the Biotechnology industry and Healthcare sector, argenx SE's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where argenx SE's Beneish M-Score falls into.
argenx SE Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of argenx SE for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.6031 | + | 0.528 * 1.027 | + | 0.404 * 0.7948 | + | 0.892 * 2.9856 | + | 0.115 * 1.0417 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.5057 | + | 4.679 * 0.022276 | - | 0.327 * 0.9716 |
| = | -0.94 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $499 Mil.
Revenue was $1,226 Mil.
Gross Profit was $1,108 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $4,124 Mil.
Total Assets was $4,542 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $23 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $111 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $710 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $423 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $15 Mil.
Net Income was $-295 Mil.
Gross Profit was $24 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was $-420 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $277 Mil.
Revenue was $411 Mil.
Gross Profit was $381 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $2,774 Mil.
Total Assets was $3,134 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $16 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $104 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $470 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $302 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $9 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (499.271 / 1226.316) | / | (277.275 / 410.747) |
| = | 0.407131 | / | 0.675051 |
| | = | 0.6031 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (381.316 / 410.747) | / | (1108.481 / 1226.316) |
| = | 0.928348 | / | 0.903911 |
| | = | 1.027 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (4123.737 + 22.676) / 4542.458) | / | (1 - (2774.197 + 16.235) / 3134.261) |
| = | 0.087187 | / | 0.1097 |
| | = | 0.7948 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1226.316 | / | 410.747 |
| | = | 2.9856 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (104.342 / (104.342 + 16.235)) | / | (111.307 / (111.307 + 22.676)) |
| = | 0.865356 | / | 0.830755 |
| | = | 1.0417 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (709.539 / 1226.316) | / | (469.921 / 410.747) |
| = | 0.578594 | / | 1.144064 |
| | = | 0.5057 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((15.354 + 422.993) / 4542.458) | / | ((9.009 + 302.277) / 3134.261) |
| = | 0.0965 | / | 0.099317 |
| | = | 0.9716 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (-295.053 - 24.084 | - | -420.327) | / | 4542.458 |
| | = | 0.022276 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
argenx SE has a M-score of -0.94 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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