Impro Precision Industries Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Impro Precision Industries's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Impro Precision Industries Beneish M-Score Chart
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Impro Precision Industries Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.81 |
-3.46 |
-2.41 |
-2.04 |
-2.80 |
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Impro Precision Industries Semi-Annual Data
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Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.41 |
- |
-2.04 |
- |
-2.80 |
Competitive Comparison of Impro Precision Industries's Beneish M-Score
For the Specialty Industrial Machinery subindustry, Impro Precision Industries's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Impro Precision Industries's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Industrial Products Industry
For the Industrial Products industry and Industrials sector, Impro Precision Industries's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Impro Precision Industries's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Impro Precision Industries Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Impro Precision Industries for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.949 | + | 0.528 * 1.1315 | + | 0.404 * 0.9521 | + | 0.892 * 1.0573 | + | 0.115 * 0.9232 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.918 | + | 4.679 * -0.083886 | - | 0.327 * 0.961 |
| = | -2.80 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$1,129 Mil.
Revenue was HK$4,604 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,178 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$2,987 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$8,301 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$4,588 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$421 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$500 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,924 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$1,222 Mil.
Net Income was HK$585 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$1,281 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$1,125 Mil.
Revenue was HK$4,355 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$1,261 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$2,953 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$7,763 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$4,097 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$344 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$515 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$1,812 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$1,249 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1128.52 / 4604.378) | / | (1124.672 / 4354.711) |
| = | 0.245097 | / | 0.258266 |
| | = | 0.949 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1260.954 / 4354.711) | / | (1178.331 / 4604.378) |
| = | 0.289561 | / | 0.255915 |
| | = | 1.1315 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (2986.713 + 4587.943) / 8300.871) | / | (1 - (2952.602 + 4097.028) / 7762.944) |
| = | 0.087487 | / | 0.091887 |
| | = | 0.9521 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 4604.378 | / | 4354.711 |
| | = | 1.0573 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (344.457 / (344.457 + 4097.028)) | / | (420.76 / (420.76 + 4587.943)) |
| = | 0.077554 | / | 0.084006 |
| | = | 0.9232 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (500.22 / 4604.378) | / | (515.381 / 4354.711) |
| = | 0.10864 | / | 0.11835 |
| | = | 0.918 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1221.558 + 1924.267) / 8300.871) | / | ((1249.132 + 1812.13) / 7762.944) |
| = | 0.378975 | / | 0.394343 |
| | = | 0.961 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (585.093 - 0 | - | 1281.419) | / | 8300.871 |
| | = | -0.083886 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Impro Precision Industries has a M-score of -2.80 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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