Wheelock and Co Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Wheelock and Co's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Wheelock and Co Beneish M-Score Chart
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Wheelock and Co Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec10 |
Dec11 |
Dec12 |
Dec13 |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.47 |
-2.81 |
-1.86 |
-2.89 |
-2.87 |
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Wheelock and Co Semi-Annual Data
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Jun10 |
Dec10 |
Jun11 |
Dec11 |
Jun12 |
Dec12 |
Jun13 |
Dec13 |
Jun14 |
Dec14 |
Jun15 |
Dec15 |
Jun16 |
Dec16 |
Jun17 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-1.86 |
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-2.89 |
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-2.87 |
Competitive Comparison of Wheelock and Co's Beneish M-Score
For the Real Estate - Diversified subindustry, Wheelock and Co's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Wheelock and Co's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Real Estate Industry
For the Real Estate industry and Real Estate sector, Wheelock and Co's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Wheelock and Co's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Wheelock and Co Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Wheelock and Co for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.7431 | + | 0.528 * 0.9289 | + | 0.404 * 0.9871 | + | 0.892 * 1.0006 | + | 0.115 * 0.9279 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9699 | + | 4.679 * -0.020024 | - | 0.327 * 1.033 |
| = | -2.87 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec19) TTM: | Last Year (Dec18) TTM: |
Total Receivables was HK$638 Mil.
Revenue was HK$48,519 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$31,299 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$144,467 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$609,413 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$20,945 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$970 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$3,086 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$97,422 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$102,436 Mil.
Net Income was HK$9,173 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was HK$21,376 Mil.
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Total Receivables was HK$858 Mil.
Revenue was HK$48,490 Mil.
Gross Profit was HK$29,055 Mil.
Total Current Assets was HK$133,264 Mil.
Total Assets was HK$592,624 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was HK$21,970 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was HK$941 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was HK$3,180 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was HK$81,286 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was HK$106,863 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (638 / 48519) | / | (858 / 48490) |
| = | 0.013149 | / | 0.017694 |
| | = | 0.7431 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (29055 / 48490) | / | (31299 / 48519) |
| = | 0.599196 | / | 0.645087 |
| | = | 0.9289 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (144467 + 20945) / 609413) | / | (1 - (133264 + 21970) / 592624) |
| = | 0.728572 | / | 0.738057 |
| | = | 0.9871 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 48519 | / | 48490 |
| | = | 1.0006 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (941 / (941 + 21970)) | / | (970 / (970 + 20945)) |
| = | 0.041072 | / | 0.044262 |
| | = | 0.9279 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (3086 / 48519) | / | (3180 / 48490) |
| = | 0.063604 | / | 0.065581 |
| | = | 0.9699 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((102436 + 97422) / 609413) | / | ((106863 + 81286) / 592624) |
| = | 0.327952 | / | 0.317485 |
| | = | 1.033 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (9173 - 0 | - | 21376) | / | 609413 |
| | = | -0.020024 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Wheelock and Co has a M-score of -2.87 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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