Fair Isaac Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Fair Isaac's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Fair Isaac Beneish M-Score Chart
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Fair Isaac Annual Data
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Trend |
Sep14 |
Sep15 |
Sep16 |
Sep17 |
Sep18 |
Sep19 |
Sep20 |
Sep21 |
Sep22 |
Sep23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.63 |
-2.57 |
-3.07 |
-3.04 |
-2.43 |
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Fair Isaac Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.66 |
-2.49 |
-2.30 |
-2.43 |
-2.47 |
Competitive Comparison of Fair Isaac's Beneish M-Score
For the Software - Application subindustry, Fair Isaac's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Fair Isaac's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Software Industry
For the Software industry and Technology sector, Fair Isaac's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Fair Isaac's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Fair Isaac Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Fair Isaac for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0724 | + | 0.528 * 0.9792 | + | 0.404 * 0.9859 | + | 0.892 * 1.0799 | + | 0.115 * 0.9377 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9809 | + | 4.679 * -0.035342 | - | 0.327 * 0.9343 |
| = | -2.51 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €337 Mil.
Revenue was 350.348 + 365.18 + 367.989 + 355.168 = €1,439 Mil.
Gross Profit was 273.814 + 287.566 + 301.675 + 280.63 = €1,144 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €518 Mil.
Total Assets was €1,461 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €27 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €12 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €382 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €397 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €1,669 Mil.
Net Income was 111.017 + 95.034 + 118.844 + 94.848 = €420 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 3.111 + -0.871 + 4.893 + 1.499 = €9 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 111.984 + 153.714 + 113.18 + 83.877 = €463 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €291 Mil.
Revenue was 325.557 + 352.235 + 330.122 + 324.333 = €1,332 Mil.
Gross Profit was 253.276 + 268.925 + 255.68 + 259.144 = €1,037 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €457 Mil.
Total Assets was €1,377 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €45 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €19 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €361 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €335 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €1,749 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (336.977 / 1438.685) | / | (290.973 / 1332.247) |
| = | 0.234226 | / | 0.218408 |
| | = | 1.0724 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1037.025 / 1332.247) | / | (1143.685 / 1438.685) |
| = | 0.778403 | / | 0.794952 |
| | = | 0.9792 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (518.346 + 26.888) / 1461.256) | / | (1 - (456.728 + 44.691) / 1377.006) |
| = | 0.626873 | / | 0.635863 |
| | = | 0.9859 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 1438.685 | / | 1332.247 |
| | = | 1.0799 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (18.546 / (18.546 + 44.691)) | / | (12.236 / (12.236 + 26.888)) |
| = | 0.293278 | / | 0.312749 |
| | = | 0.9377 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (382.05 / 1438.685) | / | (360.659 / 1332.247) |
| = | 0.265555 | / | 0.270715 |
| | = | 0.9809 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1669.448 + 397.161) / 1461.256) | / | ((1749.294 + 335.109) / 1377.006) |
| = | 1.414269 | / | 1.513721 |
| | = | 0.9343 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (419.743 - 8.632 | - | 462.755) | / | 1461.256 |
| | = | -0.035342 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Fair Isaac has a M-score of -2.51 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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