Bell Food Group Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Bell Food Group's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
Bell Food Group Beneish M-Score Chart
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Bell Food Group Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
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Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.90 |
-2.65 |
-2.82 |
-2.75 |
-2.84 |
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Bell Food Group Semi-Annual Data
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Jun14 |
Dec14 |
Jun15 |
Dec15 |
Jun16 |
Dec16 |
Jun17 |
Dec17 |
Jun18 |
Dec18 |
Jun19 |
Dec19 |
Jun20 |
Dec20 |
Jun21 |
Dec21 |
Jun22 |
Dec22 |
Jun23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.82 |
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-2.75 |
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-2.84 |
Competitive Comparison of Bell Food Group's Beneish M-Score
For the Packaged Foods subindustry, Bell Food Group's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Bell Food Group's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Consumer Packaged Goods Industry
For the Consumer Packaged Goods industry and Consumer Defensive sector, Bell Food Group's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Bell Food Group's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Bell Food Group Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Bell Food Group for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9378 | + | 0.528 * 0.986 | + | 0.404 * 0.847 | + | 0.892 * 1.0947 | + | 0.115 * 1.02 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0096 | + | 4.679 * -0.055628 | - | 0.327 * 1.0412 |
| = | -2.80 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was €441 Mil.
Revenue was €4,787 Mil.
Gross Profit was €1,875 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €1,414 Mil.
Total Assets was €3,471 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €1,791 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €184 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €38 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €701 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €1,086 Mil.
Net Income was €137 Mil.
Gross Profit was €0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was €331 Mil.
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Total Receivables was €429 Mil.
Revenue was €4,372 Mil.
Gross Profit was €1,688 Mil.
Total Current Assets was €1,267 Mil.
Total Assets was €3,118 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was €1,568 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was €165 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was €34 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was €575 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was €967 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (440.792 / 4786.681) | / | (429.34 / 4372.435) |
| = | 0.092087 | / | 0.098192 |
| | = | 0.9378 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (1688.479 / 4372.435) | / | (1874.718 / 4786.681) |
| = | 0.386164 | / | 0.391653 |
| | = | 0.986 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (1413.673 + 1790.843) / 3471.091) | / | (1 - (1267.043 + 1568.402) / 3118.159) |
| = | 0.076799 | / | 0.090667 |
| | = | 0.847 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 4786.681 | / | 4372.435 |
| | = | 1.0947 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (165.068 / (165.068 + 1568.402)) | / | (184.397 / (184.397 + 1790.843)) |
| = | 0.095224 | / | 0.093354 |
| | = | 1.02 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (37.855 / 4786.681) | / | (34.25 / 4372.435) |
| = | 0.007908 | / | 0.007833 |
| | = | 1.0096 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1085.703 + 701.429) / 3471.091) | / | ((966.597 + 575.358) / 3118.159) |
| = | 0.514862 | / | 0.494508 |
| | = | 1.0412 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (137.423 - 0 | - | 330.514) | / | 3471.091 |
| | = | -0.055628 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Bell Food Group has a M-score of -2.80 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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