BIDV Insurance Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of BIDV Insurance for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.8433 | + | 0.528 * 1 | + | 0.404 * 0.9988 | + | 0.892 * 1.2929 | + | 0.115 * 1.2429 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0 | + | 4.679 * 0.029674 | - | 0.327 * 0 |
| = | -1.70 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar24) TTM: | Last Year (Mar23) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₫491,675 Mil.
Revenue was 1031131.945 + 1066803.652 + 917497.101 + 888833.628 = ₫3,904,266 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1031131.945 + 1066803.652 + 917497.101 + 888833.628 = ₫3,904,266 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₫0 Mil.
Total Assets was ₫7,677,949 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₫31,668 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₫9,512 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₫0 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₫0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₫0 Mil.
Net Income was 104970.237 + 125518.559 + 104444.078 + 141786.464 = ₫476,719 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 38018.722 + -8395.628 + 642.302 + 1035.539 = ₫31,301 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 139750.825 + 236648.195 + -157823.492 + -993.89 = ₫217,582 Mil.
|
Total Receivables was ₫450,968 Mil.
Revenue was 799695.41 + 861626.027 + 690769.443 + 667613.161 = ₫3,019,704 Mil.
Gross Profit was 799695.41 + 861626.027 + 690769.443 + 667613.161 = ₫3,019,704 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₫0 Mil.
Total Assets was ₫7,309,509 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₫21,434 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₫8,631 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₫193,272 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₫0 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₫5 Mil.
|
1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (491674.777 / 3904266.326) | / | (450967.993 / 3019704.041) |
| = | 0.125933 | / | 0.149342 |
| | = | 0.8433 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (3019704.041 / 3019704.041) | / | (3904266.326 / 3904266.326) |
| = | 1 | / | 1 |
| | = | 1 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (0 + 31668.196) / 7677948.948) | / | (1 - (0 + 21434.384) / 7309508.589) |
| = | 0.995875 | / | 0.997068 |
| | = | 0.9988 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 3904266.326 | / | 3019704.041 |
| | = | 1.2929 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (8630.943 / (8630.943 + 21434.384)) | / | (9511.683 / (9511.683 + 31668.196)) |
| = | 0.287073 | / | 0.230979 |
| | = | 1.2429 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 3904266.326) | / | (193272.407 / 3019704.041) |
| = | 0 | / | 0.064004 |
| | = | 0 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((0 + 0) / 7677948.948) | / | ((5.195 + 0) / 7309508.589) |
| = | 0 | / | 1.0E-6 |
| | = | 0 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (476719.338 - 31300.935 | - | 217581.638) | / | 7677948.948 |
| | = | 0.029674 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
BIDV Insurance has a M-score of -1.70 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
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