CESC Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for CESC's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
CESC Beneish M-Score Chart
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CESC Annual Data
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Trend |
Mar14 |
Mar15 |
Mar16 |
Mar17 |
Mar18 |
Mar19 |
Mar20 |
Mar21 |
Mar22 |
Mar23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.39 |
-2.68 |
-2.45 |
-2.60 |
-2.25 |
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CESC Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
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Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
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Dec22 |
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Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.25 |
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Competitive Comparison of CESC's Beneish M-Score
For the Utilities - Regulated Electric subindustry, CESC's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
CESC's Beneish M-Score Distribution in the Utilities - Regulated Industry
For the Utilities - Regulated industry and Utilities sector, CESC's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where CESC's Beneish M-Score falls into.
CESC Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of CESC for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9278 | + | 0.528 * 1.2903 | + | 0.404 * 1.1567 | + | 0.892 * 1.1357 | + | 0.115 * 0.9988 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.8233 | + | 4.679 * -0.016852 | - | 0.327 * 0.9704 |
| = | -2.25 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Mar23) TTM: | Last Year (Mar22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was ₹23,664 Mil.
Revenue was ₹142,464 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹45,523 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹65,351 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹377,119 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹228,097 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹10,920 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹402 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹74,104 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹97,355 Mil.
Net Income was ₹13,428 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was ₹19,784 Mil.
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Total Receivables was ₹22,458 Mil.
Revenue was ₹125,439 Mil.
Gross Profit was ₹51,717 Mil.
Total Current Assets was ₹70,852 Mil.
Total Assets was ₹374,935 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was ₹232,165 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was ₹11,100 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was ₹430 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was ₹68,001 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was ₹107,658 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (23663.5 / 142463.5) | / | (22458.2 / 125438.8) |
| = | 0.166102 | / | 0.179037 |
| | = | 0.9278 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (51717 / 125438.8) | / | (45522.6 / 142463.5) |
| = | 0.412289 | / | 0.319539 |
| | = | 1.2903 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (65351.4 + 228097) / 377118.9) | / | (1 - (70852 + 232165.4) / 374934.7) |
| = | 0.221868 | / | 0.191813 |
| | = | 1.1567 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 142463.5 | / | 125438.8 |
| | = | 1.1357 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (11099.6 / (11099.6 + 232165.4)) | / | (10919.5 / (10919.5 + 228097)) |
| = | 0.045628 | / | 0.045685 |
| | = | 0.9988 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (402.3 / 142463.5) | / | (430.2 / 125438.8) |
| = | 0.002824 | / | 0.00343 |
| | = | 0.8233 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((97354.8 + 74104) / 377118.9) | / | ((107658.1 + 68000.9) / 374934.7) |
| = | 0.454654 | / | 0.468506 |
| | = | 0.9704 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (13428.3 - 0 | - | 19783.5) | / | 377118.9 |
| | = | -0.016852 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
CESC has a M-score of -2.25 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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