Zimmer Biomet Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Zimmer Biomet Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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Zimmer Biomet Holdings Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.45 |
-2.48 |
-2.72 |
-2.47 |
-2.52 |
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Zimmer Biomet Holdings Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.47 |
-2.45 |
-2.49 |
-2.49 |
-2.52 |
Competitive Comparison
For the Medical Devices subindustry, Zimmer Biomet Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Zimmer Biomet Holdings Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Medical Devices & Instruments industry and Healthcare sector, Zimmer Biomet Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Zimmer Biomet Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Zimmer Biomet Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Zimmer Biomet Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 0.9799 | + | 0.528 * 0.9872 | + | 0.404 * 0.984 | + | 0.892 * 1.0655 | + | 0.115 * 1.0476 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 0.9648 | + | 4.679 * -0.01743 | - | 0.327 * 1.0039 |
| = | -2.52 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $1,442 Mil.
Revenue was 1940.1 + 1753.6 + 1869.6 + 1831 = $7,394 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1401.3 + 1235 + 1344.1 + 1330.2 = $5,311 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $4,610 Mil.
Total Assets was $21,497 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $2,060 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $952 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $2,839 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $2,857 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $5,013 Mil.
Net Income was 419.2 + 162.7 + 209.6 + 232.5 = $1,024 Mil.
Non Operating Income was -86.2 + -27.8 + -33.5 + -35.4 = $-183 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 588.4 + 337.6 + 347.9 + 307.7 = $1,582 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $1,382 Mil.
Revenue was 1825.1 + 1669.8 + 1781.8 + 1663.2 = $6,940 Mil.
Gross Profit was 1304.8 + 1181.6 + 1270.8 + 1163.2 = $4,920 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $4,427 Mil.
Total Assets was $21,066 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $1,873 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $926 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $2,762 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $2,358 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $5,324 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (1442.4 / 7394.3) | / | (1381.5 / 6939.9) |
| = | 0.195069 | / | 0.199066 |
| | = | 0.9799 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (4920.4 / 6939.9) | / | (5310.6 / 7394.3) |
| = | 0.709002 | / | 0.718202 |
| | = | 0.9872 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (4609.5 + 2060.4) / 21496.9) | / | (1 - (4427.3 + 1872.5) / 21066) |
| = | 0.689727 | / | 0.700949 |
| | = | 0.984 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 7394.3 | / | 6939.9 |
| | = | 1.0655 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (926.4 / (926.4 + 1872.5)) | / | (951.7 / (951.7 + 2060.4)) |
| = | 0.330987 | / | 0.315959 |
| | = | 1.0476 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (2838.9 / 7394.3) | / | (2761.7 / 6939.9) |
| = | 0.383931 | / | 0.397945 |
| | = | 0.9648 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((5012.6 + 2857.4) / 21496.9) | / | ((5324.2 + 2358.2) / 21066) |
| = | 0.366099 | / | 0.364682 |
| | = | 1.0039 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (1024 - -182.9 | - | 1581.6) | / | 21496.9 |
| | = | -0.01743 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Zimmer Biomet Holdings has a M-score of -2.52 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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