Tanger Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for Tanger's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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Tanger Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.78 |
-2.97 |
-2.79 |
-2.79 |
-2.68 |
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Tanger Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.79 |
-2.85 |
-2.82 |
-2.83 |
-2.68 |
Competitive Comparison
For the REIT - Retail subindustry, Tanger's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
Tanger Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the REITs industry and Real Estate sector, Tanger's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where Tanger's Beneish M-Score falls into.
Tanger Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of Tanger for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1 | + | 0.528 * 0.9828 | + | 0.404 * 1.1325 | + | 0.892 * 1.0492 | + | 0.115 * 1.0048 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0143 | + | 4.679 * -0.063863 | - | 0.327 * 0.9677 |
| = | -2.68 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $0.0 Mil.
Revenue was 127.477 + 117.346 + 110.641 + 108.943 = $464.4 Mil.
Gross Profit was 85.548 + 80.588 + 76.929 + 75.795 = $318.9 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $22.0 Mil.
Total Assets was $2,324.1 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $77.4 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $108.9 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $76.1 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $131.5 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $1,512.3 Mil.
Net Income was 23.784 + 27.624 + 24.202 + 23.541 = $99.2 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 4.916 + 4.288 + 4.03 + 4.735 = $18.0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 77.495 + 53.194 + 73.345 + 25.574 = $229.6 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $0.0 Mil.
Revenue was 116.461 + 111.446 + 105.838 + 108.868 = $442.6 Mil.
Gross Profit was 78.056 + 75.37 + 73.141 + 72.11 = $298.7 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $264.6 Mil.
Total Assets was $2,217.7 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $78.6 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $111.9 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $71.5 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $104.7 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $1,516.0 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (0 / 464.407) | / | (0 / 442.613) |
| = | 0 | / | 0 |
| | = | 1 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (298.677 / 442.613) | / | (318.86 / 464.407) |
| = | 0.674804 | / | 0.686596 |
| | = | 0.9828 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (21.965 + 77.4) / 2324.119) | / | (1 - (264.574 + 78.636) / 2217.665) |
| = | 0.957246 | / | 0.845238 |
| | = | 1.1325 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 464.407 | / | 442.613 |
| | = | 1.0492 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (111.904 / (111.904 + 78.636)) | / | (108.889 / (108.889 + 77.4)) |
| = | 0.587299 | / | 0.584517 |
| | = | 1.0048 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (76.13 / 464.407) | / | (71.532 / 442.613) |
| = | 0.163929 | / | 0.161613 |
| | = | 1.0143 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((1512.279 + 131.505) / 2324.119) | / | ((1516.022 + 104.741) / 2217.665) |
| = | 0.707272 | / | 0.730842 |
| | = | 0.9677 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (99.151 - 17.969 | - | 229.608) | / | 2324.119 |
| | = | -0.063863 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
Tanger has a M-score of -2.68 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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