LPL Financial Holdings Beneish M-Score Historical Data
The historical data trend for LPL Financial Holdings's Beneish M-Score can be seen below:
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
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LPL Financial Holdings Annual Data
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Trend |
Dec14 |
Dec15 |
Dec16 |
Dec17 |
Dec18 |
Dec19 |
Dec20 |
Dec21 |
Dec22 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-2.35 |
-2.55 |
-2.03 |
-3.09 |
-2.06 |
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LPL Financial Holdings Quarterly Data
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Mar19 |
Jun19 |
Sep19 |
Dec19 |
Mar20 |
Jun20 |
Sep20 |
Dec20 |
Mar21 |
Jun21 |
Sep21 |
Dec21 |
Mar22 |
Jun22 |
Sep22 |
Dec22 |
Mar23 |
Jun23 |
Sep23 |
Dec23 |
| Beneish M-Score |
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-3.09 |
-2.94 |
-3.03 |
-1.86 |
-2.06 |
Competitive Comparison
For the Capital Markets subindustry, LPL Financial Holdings's Beneish M-Score, along with its competitors' market caps and Beneish M-Score data, can be viewed below:
* Competitive companies are chosen from companies within the same industry, with headquarter located in same country, with closest market capitalization; x-axis shows the market cap, and y-axis shows the term value; the bigger the dot, the larger the market cap. Note that "N/A" values will not show up in the chart.
LPL Financial Holdings Beneish M-Score Distribution
For the Capital Markets industry and Financial Services sector, LPL Financial Holdings's Beneish M-Score distribution charts can be found below:
* The bar in red indicates where LPL Financial Holdings's Beneish M-Score falls into.
LPL Financial Holdings Beneish M-Score Calculation
The M-score was created by Professor Messod Beneish. Instead of measuring the bankruptcy risk (Altman Z-Score) or business trend (Piotroski F-Score), M-score can be used to detect the risk of earnings manipulation. This is the original research paper on M-score.
The M-Score Variables:
The M-score of LPL Financial Holdings for today is based on a combination of the following eight different indices:
| M | = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * DSRI | + | 0.528 * GMI | + | 0.404 * AQI | + | 0.892 * SGI | + | 0.115 * DEPI |
| = | -4.84 | + | 0.92 * 1.0123 | + | 0.528 * 0.9075 | + | 0.404 * 1.1748 | + | 0.892 * 1.1688 | + | 0.115 * 0.9657 |
| - | 0.172 * SGAI | + | 4.679 * TATA | - | 0.327 * LVGI |
| - | 0.172 * 1.0464 | + | 4.679 * 0.053309 | - | 0.327 * 1.006 |
| = | -2.06 |
* For Operating Data section: All numbers are indicated by the unit behind each term and all currency related amount are in USD.
* For other sections: All numbers are in millions except for per share data, ratio, and percentage. All currency related amount are indicated in the company's associated stock exchange currency.
| This Year (Dec23) TTM: | Last Year (Dec22) TTM: |
Total Receivables was $2,862 Mil.
Revenue was 2643.829 + 2522.383 + 2468.804 + 2417.832 = $10,053 Mil.
Gross Profit was 739.225 + 765.399 + 759.213 + 787.539 = $3,051 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $5,616 Mil.
Total Assets was $10,385 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $1,027 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $354 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $856 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3,288 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $3,963 Mil.
Net Income was 217.555 + 224.291 + 285.52 + 338.884 = $1,066 Mil.
Non Operating Income was 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 = $0 Mil.
Cash Flow from Operations was 142.548 + 173.17 + 402.813 + -205.92 = $513 Mil.
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Total Receivables was $2,419 Mil.
Revenue was 2333.187 + 2163.058 + 2038.887 + 2065.693 = $8,601 Mil.
Gross Profit was 748.241 + 629.629 + 514.404 + 476.925 = $2,369 Mil.
Total Current Assets was $5,700 Mil.
Total Assets was $9,482 Mil.
Property, Plant and Equipment(Net PPE) was $873 Mil.
Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization(DDA) was $287 Mil.
Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) was $700 Mil.
Total Current Liabilities was $3,633 Mil.
Long-Term Debt & Capital Lease Obligation was $2,948 Mil.
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1. DSRI = Days Sales in Receivables Index
Measured as the ratio of Revenue in Total Receivables in year t to year t-1.
A large increase in DSR could be indicative of revenue inflation.
| DSRI | = | (Receivables_t / Revenue_t) | / | (Receivables_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) |
| = | (2861.661 / 10052.848) | / | (2418.615 / 8600.825) |
| = | 0.284662 | / | 0.281207 |
| | = | 1.0123 |
2. GMI = Gross Margin Index
Measured as the ratio of gross margin in year t-1 to gross margin in year t.
Gross margin has deteriorated when this index is above 1. A firm with poorer prospects is more likely to manipulate earnings.
| GMI | = | GrossMargin_t-1 | / | GrossMargin_t |
| = | (GrossProfit_t-1 / Revenue_t-1) | / | (GrossProfit_t / Revenue_t) |
| = | (2369.199 / 8600.825) | / | (3051.376 / 10052.848) |
| = | 0.275462 | / | 0.303533 |
| | = | 0.9075 |
3. AQI = Asset Quality Index
AQI is the ratio of asset quality in year t to year t-1.
Asset quality is measured as the ratio of non-current assets other than Property, Plant and Equipment to Total Assets.
| AQI | = | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t + PPE_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | (1 - (CurrentAssets_t-1 + PPE_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | (1 - (5615.863 + 1026.888) / 10385.48) | / | (1 - (5700.492 + 872.891) / 9482.226) |
| = | 0.360381 | / | 0.306768 |
| | = | 1.1748 |
4. SGI = Sales Growth Index
Ratio of Revenue in year t to sales in year t-1.
Sales growth is not itself a measure of manipulation. However, growth companies are likely to find themselves under pressure to manipulate in order to keep up appearances.
| SGI | = | Sales_t | / | Sales_t-1 |
| = | Revenue_t | / | Revenue_t-1 |
| = | 10052.848 | / | 8600.825 |
| | = | 1.1688 |
5. DEPI = Depreciation Index
Measured as the ratio of the rate of Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization in year t-1 to the corresponding rate in year t.
DEPI greater than 1 indicates that assets are being depreciated at a slower rate. This suggests that the firm might be revising useful asset life assumptions upwards, or adopting a new method that is income friendly.
| DEPI | = | (Depreciation_t-1 / (Depreciaton_t-1 + PPE_t-1)) | / | (Depreciation_t / (Depreciaton_t + PPE_t)) |
| = | (287.377 / (287.377 + 872.891)) | / | (354.205 / (354.205 + 1026.888)) |
| = | 0.247682 | / | 0.256467 |
| | = | 0.9657 |
Note: If the Depreciation, Depletion and Amortization data is not available, we assume that the depreciation rate is constant and set the Depreciation Index to 1.
6. SGAI = Sales, General and Administrative expenses Index
The ratio of Selling, General, & Admin. Expense(SGA) to Sales in year t relative to year t-1.
SGA expenses index > 1 means that the company is becoming less efficient in generate sales.
| SGAI | = | (SGA_t / Sales_t) | / | (SGA_t-1 /Sales_t-1) |
| = | (856.153 / 10052.848) | / | (699.998 / 8600.825) |
| = | 0.085165 | / | 0.081387 |
| | = | 1.0464 |
7. LVGI = Leverage Index
The ratio of total debt to Total Assets in year t relative to yeat t-1.
An LVGI > 1 indicates an increase in leverage
| LVGI | = | ((LTD_t + CurrentLiabilities_t) / TotalAssets_t) | / | ((LTD_t-1 + CurrentLiabilities_t-1) / TotalAssets_t-1) |
| = | ((3963.053 + 3288.231) / 10385.48) | / | ((2948.384 + 3632.712) / 9482.226) |
| = | 0.698214 | / | 0.694045 |
| | = | 1.006 |
8. TATA = Total Accruals to Total Assets
Total accruals calculated as the change in working capital accounts other than cash less depreciation.
| TATA | = | (IncomefromContinuingOperations_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (NetIncome_t - NonOperatingIncome_t | - | CashFlowsfromOperations_t) | / | TotalAssets_t |
| = | (1066.25 - 0 | - | 512.611) | / | 10385.48 |
| | = | 0.053309 |
An M-Score of equal or less than -1.78 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator. An M-Score of greater than -1.78 signals that the company is likely to be a manipulator.
LPL Financial Holdings has a M-score of -2.06 suggests that the company is unlikely to be a manipulator.
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